| 28th 
            July, on this day  1540 King Henry 
            VIII of England marries Catherine 
            Howard - wife number five1586 The first potatoes arrive in Britain - brought by explorer Sir 
            Thomas Harriot from Colombia
 1588 Spanish Armada sails to overthrow England's Queen Elizabeth I
 1609 Bermuda is first settled, by Admiral George Somers and other 
            survivors of the English Sea 
            Venture, en route to Virginia. This incident is widely thought 
            to have been the inspiration for Shakespeare's The Tempest
 1794 French Revolutionary politician Maximilien 
            de Robespierre is executed in Paris
 1809 Peninsular 
            War: Battle 
            of Talavera - Sir Arthur Wellesley's British, Portuguese and Spanish 
            army defeats a French force under Joseph Bonaparte.
 1821 José 
            de San Martín on behalf of Peru declares independence from 
            Spain
 1830 Revolution in France replaces 
            Charles X with Louis 
            Philippe
 1833 Britain passes the Emancipation 
            Act - abolishing slavery throughout the British Empire
 1851 Total solar eclipse captured on a daguerreotype 
            photograph
 1858 First recorded use of fingerprints as a means of identification 
            by William 
            Herschel
 1862 Confederate forces defeated at More's Hill, Mo
 1864 Atlanta Campaign-Battle 
            of Ezra Church
 1865 A crowd of 100,000 watches the last public execution in Scotland 
            when Dr Edward Pritchard is hanged for poisoning his wife and mother-in-law
 1866 Metric system becomes a legal measurement system in US
 1882 The opera "Parsifal" 
            is produced (Bayreuth)
 1883 Shocks triggered by the volcano Epomeo (Isle of Ischia, Italy)
 destroyed 1,200 houses at Casamicciola killing 2,000
 1896 US City of Miami incorporated
 1900 Hamburger created by Louis Lassing in Connecticut
 1904 Assassination of Russian Minister of the Interior Vyacheslav 
            Plehve
 1907 Fire destroys hundreds of buildings in the seaside resort of 
            Coney Island New York
 1914 First 
            World War starts: Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia after 
            it failed to meet the conditions of an ultimatum it set on July 23 
            following the killing of Archduke Francis Ferdinand by a Serbian assassin. 
            This event leads to the outbreak of the war.
 1914 Foxtrot 
            1st danced at New Amsterdam Roof Garden (NYC, by Harry Fox)
 1915 10,000 blacks march on 5th Ave (NYC) protesting lynchings
 1915 US forces invade Haiti, stays until 1924
 1917 World War I: Formation of the British Army Tank Corps
 1928 Olympics 
            open at Amsterdam
 1932 President Hoover evicts "bonus" 
            marchers from their encampment
 1933 1st singing telegram delivered (to Rudy Vallee), NYC
 1942 Nazis liquidate 10,000 Jews in Minsk, Russia
 1942 World War II: USSR leader Joseph 
            Stalin issues Order 
            No. 227 in response to alarming German advances into Russia. Under 
            the order all those who retreat or otherwise leave their positions 
            without orders to do so will be immediately killed.
 1943 Italian Facist dictator Benito Mussolini resigns
 1943 President FDR announces end of coffee rationing in US
 1945 US 
            Army bomber crashes into 79th floor of Empire State Bldg, 14 die
 1948 I.G. Farben 
            chemical plant explodes in Ludwigshafen, Germany, 182 die
 1951 Walt Disney's "Alice 
            In Wonderland" released but premiered in London on 26th July
 1957 Heavy rain and mudslide occur at Isahaya, western Kyushu, Japan, 
            992 killed.
 1958 Lord 
            Jellicoe makes his maiden speech in the House of Lords.
 1960 Republican National convention selects Richard Nixon
 1962 19 die in a train crash in Steelton. Pa
 1962 Mariner I launched to Mars falls into Atlantic Ocean
 1964 Ranger 7 launched toward the Moon; sent back 4308 TV pictures
 1965 In Britain, Edward 
            Heath becomes leader of the Conservative Party
 1965 Vietnam War: US President Lyndon B. Johnson announces his order 
            to increase the number of United States troops in South Vietnam from 
            75,000 to 125,000
 1973 Summer 
            Jam at Watkins Glen: 600,000 people attend what was for many years 
            the largest musical concert in history, at the Watkins Glen Grand 
            Prix Raceway.
 1973 Skylab 
            3's astronauts (Bean, Garriott and Lousma) launched
 1974 69 die when packed bus strikes heavy truck (Belem, Brazil)
 1976 242,000 
            die in Tientsin-Tangshan (China) 8.2 earthquake
 1976 Eldon Joersz amd Geo Morgan set world air speed record of 3,530 
            kph
 1977 1st oil flow through the Alaska pipeline
 1977 Cricketer 
            Ian Botham makes his Test debut for England
 1984 23rd 
            modern Olympic games opens in Los Angeles
 1986 NASA releases transcript from doomed Challenger, pilot Michael 
            Smith
 could be heard saying, "Uh-oh!" as spacecraft disintegrated
 1988 Israeli diplomats arrive in Moscow for 1st visit in 21 years
 1988 Jordan cancels $1.3 billion development plan in West Bank
 1988 
            Winnie Mandella's home in Soweto, South Africa destroyed by arson
 1996 Kennewick 
            Man, the remains of a prehistoric man, was discovered near Kennewick, 
            Washington. .
 2002 Nine coal miners trapped in the flooded Quecreek 
            Mine in Somerset County, Pennsylvania, were rescued after 77 hours 
            underground.
 2005 The Provisional 
            Irish Republican Army (The PIRA) call an end to their thirty year 
            long armed campaign in Northern Ireland.
 2005 A tornado 
            touches down in a residential area in south Birmingham, England, causing 
            £4,000,000 worth of damages and injuring 39 people.
 
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        | Birthdates which 
            occurred on 28th July : 1165 Ibn al-'Arabi 
            Muslim mystic/philosopher 1746 Thomas Heyward soldier, signed Decl of Ind
 1750 Philippe Fabre d'glantine France, poet/satirist/politician
 1844 Gerard Manley Hopkins England, poet (The Windhover)
 1859 Balington Booth founded Volunteers of America
 1866 Beatrix Potter England, children's author (Tale of Peter Rabbit)
 1874 Ernst Cassirer Germany, philosopher/educator (Essay on Man)
 1887 Marcel Duchamp painter (Nude Descending a Staircase)
 1892 Joe E Brown Holgate Ohio, comedian (Buck Circus Hour)
 19-- Brianne Leary Providence RI, actress (CHiPs, Baa Baa Black Sheep)
 19-- France Lee McCain York Pa, actress (Apple's Way, 13 Queens Blvd)
 19-- Gregg Giuffria rocker (House of Lords-Sahara)
 19-- Scott Bloom actor (The Stuff)
 1901 Rudy Vallee Vt, singer (Vagabond Dreams, My Time Is Your Time)
 1907 Earl S Tupper invented Tupperware
 1907 Vivian Vance Cherryvale Ks, actress (Ethel Mertz-I Love Lucy)
 1909 Malcolm Lowry novelist (Under the Volcano)
 1910 Bill Goodwin SF Calif, announcer (Burns & Allen, Boing Boing 
            Show)
 1911 Ann Doran Amarillo Tx, actress (Longstreet, Shirley)
 1911 Gerhard Stoeck Germany, javelin thrower (Olympic-gold-1936)
 1912 Eleazar de Carvalho Iguat£, Brazil, conductor/tuba (Tiradentes)
 1916 David Brown NYC, director (Jaws, Planet of the Apes)
 1916 Laird Cregar Phila, actor (Charley's Aunt, Hangover Square)
 1922 Jacques Piccard Switzerland, undersea explorer (bathyscaph Trieste)
 1929 Jacqueline Lee Bouvier Kennedy Onassis 1st lady (1961-63)
 1930 Darryl Hickman Hollywood Cal, actor (Human Comedy, Tea & 
            Sympathy)
 1934 Jacques D'Amboise dancer/educator (NYC Ballet Company)
 1937 Peter Duchin NYC, pianist/bandleader (Peter Duchin Orch)
 1938 Robert Hughes [Studley Forrest], Australia, writer/critic
 1940 Phil Proctor comedian (Firesign Theater)
 1941 Riccardo Muti Napoli Italy, conductor (Philadelphia Orch)
 1943 Bill Bradley Crystal City Mo, NY Knick/(Sen-D-NJ)/Rhodes scholar
 1943 Lawrence Elkins football player FL (Houston Oilers)
 1943 Mike Bloomfield blues musician (Analine)
 1944 Daniel Morelon France, 1K speed skater (Olympic-gold-1968, 72)
 1945 Jim Davis cartoonist (Garfield)
 1945 Richard Wright rocker (Pink Floyd-The Wall)
 1946 Linda Kelsey Minneapolis, actress (Billie-Lou Grant, Kate-Day 
            by Day)
 1947 Barbara Ferrell US, 400m relay racer (Olympic-gold-1968)
 1947 Elena Novikova-Belova USSR, foils (Olympic-gold-1968)
 1947 Sally Struther Portland Oregon, actress (Gloria-All in the Family)
 1948 Georgia Engel Wash DC, actress (Georgette-Mary Tyler Moore Show)
 1949 Marilyn Quayle wife of vice president Dan Quayle
 1949 Vida Blue major-league pitcher (Cy Young & AL MVP 1971)
 1958 Terry Fox ran "Marathon of Hope" across Canada
 1961 Scott E Parazynski Little Rock Ark, MD/astronaut
 1967 Lori Loughlin NY, actress (Edge of Night, New Kids, Secret Admirer)
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Deaths which occurred 
            on July 28th:
 1540 Thomas Cromwell King Henry VIII's chief minister, executed
 1655 Cyrano de Bergerac French dramatist/novelist, dies in Paris
 1746 John Peter Zenger journalist, involved in 1st admendment fight, 
            dies
 1750 Johann Sebastian Bach German composer (Art of the Fugue), dies 
            at 65
 1794 Maximilien Robespierre Fr revolutionary/avocat (1781), guillotined
 1794 Robespierre & 22 other terrorists executed to thunderous 
            cheers
 1937 Joseph Lee father of Playgrounds movement, dies
 1971 Diane Arbus photographer, commits suicide at 48
 1974 Truman Bradley host (Science Fiction Theater), dies at 69
 1984 Bess Flowers actress, dies at 85
 1985 Grant Williams actor, dies of toxic poisoning at 54
 1987 James Burnham philosopher (Coming Defeat of Communism), dies 
            at 81
 
 
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