| 23rd 
            September, on this day  480BC Greeks defeat 
            the Persians at the Battle 
            of Salamis to halt the Persian advance into Europe1122 Concordat 
            of Worms.
 1459 Battle 
            of Blore Heath, the first major battle of the English Wars 
            of the Roses, is fought at Blore Heath in Staffordshire.
 1529 The Siege 
            of Vienna begins as Suleiman I begins his attack on the city.
 1779 John 
            Paul Jones' "Bon 
            Homme Richard" defeats 'HMS Serepis' and another British 
            warship in the Battle 
            of Flamborough Head
 1780 British Major 
            John Andre was apprehended as a spy, near Tarrytown, NY
 1803 Battle 
            of Assaye - British-Indian forces beat Maratha Army
 1806 Lewis 
            and Clark return to St Louis from the Pacific Northwest
 1818 Border demarcation markers for Moresnet 
            formally installed.
 1821 Fall 
            of Tripolitsa, Greece, massacre of 30.000 Turks.
 1846 German Astronomer Johann 
            Galle discovers another planet - Neptune
 1848 First commercial production of chewing gum by John Curtis on 
            a stove at his home in Bangor, Maine in the United States and marketed 
            as 'The State of Maine Pure Spruce Gum'
 1862 Lincoln's 
            Emancipation is published in Northern Newspapers
 1863 Confederate siege of Chattanooga begins
 1868 
            Grito de Lares proclaims Puerto Rico's independence (crushed by 
            Spain)
 1873 Tom Allen beats Mike McCale for Heavyweight Boxing title
 1879 Baldwin 
            steam motors tram 1st tried in Sydney Australia
 1884 Herman 
            Hollerith patents his mechanical tabulating machine.
 1889 Nintendo Koppai (Later Nintendo Company, Limited) founded by 
            Fusajiro 
            Yamauchi to produce and market the playing card game Hanafuda.
 1905 Norway and Sweden sign the "Karlstad 
            treaty", peacefully dissolving the Union between the two countries.
 1912 The first silent comedy film starring the Keystone 
            Cops is released in America by Mack 
            Sennett - called 'Cohen Collects A Debt'
 1922 Gdynia 
            Seaport Construction Act passed by the Polish parliament.
 1926 American boxer Gene 
            Tunney outpoints Jack Dempsey to win the world heavyweight title 
            in Philadelphia
 1932 Kingdom of Hejaz 
            and Nejd 
            renamed Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
 1938 Time capsule, to be opened in 6939, buried at World's Fair in 
            NYC (capsule contained a woman's hat, man's pipe and 1,100' of microfilm)
 1940 During World War II, Britain intoduces two civilian awards for 
            bravery and gallentry - the George 
            Cross and the George 
            Medal
 1941 The first gas murder experiments are conducted at Auschwitz.
 1942 First day of the September Matanikau 
            action on Guadalcanal as United States Marine Corps forces attack 
            Imperial Japanese Army units along the Matanikau River.
 1949 Truman announces evidence of USSR's 1st nuclear device detonation
 1952 1st closed circuit pay-TV telecast of a sports event
 1952 Richard Nixon makes his "Checkers" 
            speech
 1952 Rocky Marciano KOs heavyweight champ Jersey Joe 
            Walcott in 13 for heavyweight boxing title
 1961 1st movie to become a TV series - 
            How to Marry a Millionaire
 1962 ABC's 1st colour TV series-The 
            Jetsons
 1962 Lincoln 
            Center for the Performing Arts in New York City opens with the 
            first building completed, Philharmonic Hall (now Avery Fisher Hall) 
            home of the New York Philharmonic.
 1965 The 
            Indo-Pakistani War of 1965/Second 
            Kashmir War between India and Pakistan over Kashmir ends after 
            the UN calls for a cease-fire
 1969 The Chicago 
            Eight trial opens in Chicago.
 1969 Northern Star starts rumor that Paul McCartney is dead
 1972 Philippine President Ferdinand 
            Marcos announces over television and radio the implementation 
            of martial law and signs General Order No. 1 to establish a dictatorial 
            government
 1973 Former Argentine President Juan Peron returns to power
 1973 Juan Peron is re-elected President of Argentina after being ousted 
            from the position almost 18 years earlier
 1974 In Britain, the BBC launches the world's first Ceefax 
            teletext service
 1976 Ford-Carter 
            TV debate
 1976 Soyuz 22 returns to Earth
 1977 Cheryl 
            Ladd replaces Farrah 
            Fawcett on Charlie's 
            Angels
 1978 100,000 cheering Egyptians welcome Sadat home from Camp David 
            summit
 1979 Jane Fonda and 200,000 attend anti-nuke rally in Battery Park, 
            NYC
 1983 Saint 
            Kitts and Nevis joins the United Nations.
 1983 Gerrie 
            Coetzee of South Africa becomes the first African boxing world 
            heavyweight champion.
 1986 England and Yorkshire batsman Geoff Boycott is controversially 
            sacked from Yorkshire Cricket Club after playing for the county side 
            for 24 years
 1990 Saddam says he will destroy Israel
 1997 In Saudi Arabia, British nurse Lucille McLauchlan is sentenced 
            to 500 lashes and eight years in jail for accessory to murder
 1999 NASA announces that it has lost contact with the Mars 
            Climate Orbiter.
 1999 Qantas 
            Flight 1 overruns the runway in Bangkok during a storm. While 
            some passengers only received minor injuries, it is still the worst 
            crash in Qantas's history to date.
 2002 The first public version of the web browser Mozilla 
            Firefox ("Phoenix 0.1") is released.
 2004 At least 1,070 in Haiti reported killed by floods due to Hurricane 
            Jeanne
 2005 FBI killing of Filiberto 
            Ojeda on Plan Bonito Hormigueros, Puerto Rico.
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        | Birthdates 
            which occurred on 23rd September: 484 -BC- Euripides 
            Greek playwright (Trojan Women) 63 -BC- Octavian (Augustus C‘sar) 1st Roman emperor (27 BC-14 
            AD)
 1713 Ferdinand VI king of Spain (1746-59)
 1745 John Sevier Tennessee, indian fighter (Gov/Rep-Tn)
 1800 William H McGuffey educator (McGuffey Readers)
 1805 Matthew Adams Stickney Rowley Mass, numismatist
 1838 Victoria Chaflin Woodhull Ohio, feminist/reformer/free love/1st 
            female presidential candidate
 1852 William Stewart Halsted established 1st US surgical school
 1869 Edgar Lee Masters poet/novelist (Spoon River Anthology)
 1869 Mary Church Terrell famous African
 1870 John Lomax Miss, folk song collector/ethnomusicologist
 1880 John Boyd Orr nutritionist, UN's FAO (Nobel 1949)
 1889 Walter Lippmann NYC, journalist/political writer (Men of Destany)
 1900 Louise Nevelson US, sculptor (Sky Cathedral)
 1910 Elliot Roosevelt son of FDR
 1910 Soulima Stravinsky Lausanne Switz, Russian pianist (Igor's son)
 1917 Imry Nemeth Hungary, hammer thrower (Olympic-gold-1948)
 1920 Mickey Rooney Bkln NY, actor (Bill, Andy Hardy, Sugar Babies)
 1926 John Coltrane saxophonist (Round Midnight)
 1930 Ray Charles Albany Ga, singer/pianist (Georgia)
 1936 Sylvain Saudan skiier (60ø descent)
 1938 Romy Schneider Vienna Austria, actress (Bloodline, Death Watch)
 1943 Julio Iglesias singer (Of All the Girls I Loved Before)
 1944 Loren J Shriver Iowa, Col USAF/astronaut (STS 51-C, STS-31, sk:46)
 1945 Paul Petersen Glendale Calif, actor (Jeff Stone-Donna Reed Show)
 1947 Mary Kay Place Tulsa Okla, actress/country singer (Mary Hartman!)
 1949 Bruce Springsteen [Boss], Asbury NJ, rock musician (Born in the 
            USA)
 1955 Patti Weaver WV, actress (Days of our Life, Gina-Young & 
            Restless)
 1956 Maren Jensen Arcadia Calif, actress (Athena-Battlestar Galactica)
 1957 Sylvie Garant Montmagny Quebec, playmate (Nov, 1979)
 1961 Elizabeth Pe¤a Havana Cuba, actress (La Bamba, Jacob's 
            Ladder)
 1967 Harry Connick Jr singer (We Are in Love)
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Deaths which occurred 
            on September 23rd:
 1877 Urbain JJ Leverrier codiscoverer of Neptune, dies
 1939 Sigmund Freud created psychoanalysis, dies at 83
 1956 Earl Godwin newscaster (Meet the Veep), dies at 75
 1972 Carl Frank actor (Uncle Gunnar-Mama), dies at 63
 1974 Cliff Arquette comedian "Charlie Weaver", dies at 68
 1982 Jimmy Wakely country western singer, dies of heart failure at 
            68
 1985 Mickey Simpson actor, dies of a heart attack at 72
 
 
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